Strategic Overview
By the beginning of 1944, victory in the field for the German Army seemed less and less likely a possibility; North Africa had been lost, Allied armies were moving north through Italy, and the last great offensive of the war in the east at Kursk had been decidedly repulsed.
Units in the east continued to rotate out for rest breaks, reorganization or refitting; Grossdeutschland was an exception. Used as a mobile "fire brigade", put into action in the most critical areas, GD would continue its legacy of dedicated service...and high casualties.
Sister units to the Grossdeutschland Division, originally small guard detachments, would be reinforced, re-equipped, expanded, and expanded again during the year. In November 1944, the Panzerkorps "Gro遜eutschland" was formed, with the Panzergrenadier Division GD as its nucleus. This page will focus on the actions of the Division (only); during the year GD would leave the Soviet Union forever, and its odyssey would take it westward through Romania, then north into East Prussia, briefly on the offensive again in Lithuania, and back onto German soil again, where it would finish the year.
战略概述
到1944年的开始，
德国军队在陆地上获得的胜利越来越少也越来越不可能；北非丢掉了，盟军也正通过
意大利向北推进，在东线的库尔斯克，最后一次大规模进攻也被坚决地击退了。
在东线的
部队都被轮换进行整改、整编，大德
意志师却是个例外。由于被当作救火队使用，一直被投入到各个最危险的区域，GD也一直履行着其职责，而带来的却是高昂的伤亡数字。
大德意志师的姐妹师，在这一年最初小的警卫部队被重新组建、装备、扩大。在1944年的11月，大德意志装甲师组建了，而GD装甲掷弹兵师是其核心。在这一年，GD永远地离开了
苏联，取道罗马尼亚再到东普鲁士，在立陶宛做了短期防御后，回到了德国，在那里他们度过了新年。
Defensive Battles
1 January - 15 March 1944
The year began for Grossdeutschland with defensive battles east of Krivoi-Rog, a transfer to an area west of Kirovograd on 4 January, and more defensive battles throughout January, February, and the first month of March. During this time, elements of the Panzer Regiment came and went; I Battalion of the 26 Pz Rgt joined GD while the first battalion of Panzer Regiment GD went to France to train on Panthers, and major elements of the panzer regiment GD were also employed during the Cherkassy fighting. The defensive battles eventually culminated in a retreat to the Bug River during the second week of March.
防御作战
1944年1月1日—3月15日
新年伊始，GD边开始了Krivoi-Rog东部的防御作战，1月4日又被调往Kirovograd西部，在整个一月、二月、三月的上旬一直进行着防御作战。在这段时期，很多装甲团被并入，当GD的第一装甲营移防到
法国进行豹式
坦克训练时第26装甲团的I营加入了GD，GD的装甲团的主力一直在Cherkassy战斗。这场战斗最终以GD在3月的第2个星期撤退到Bug河对岸而结束。
Farewell to the Soviet Union
16 March - 31 May 1944
The GD Division pulled back to the Dniestr river in the last half of March 1944; by April it was engaged in the area around Targul Frumos in Romania, first launching a counterattack on 25 April, then participating in severe defensive battles in the first week of May. By 7 May, the front had quieted, and the remainder of the month was spent reorganizing. While some subunits such as the first company of Panzer F黶ilier Regiment GD and the Armoured Reconaissance Battalion were re-equipping with new armoured vehicles, the two infantry regiments were being reduced to three battalions of four companies each, rather than four battalions of five companies each.
告别苏联
1944年3月16日—5月31日
GD在1944年3月中下旬撤退到了Dniest河；到4月份始终在罗马尼亚的Targul Frumos周围忙碌，4月25日被第一次攻击。5月的第一个星期又同其他部队同时进行防御。到5月7日，前线平静下来，剩余的部队又被重新整编。GD的F装甲营的1连和Reconaissanc装甲营被装备了新型的坦克，两个
步兵团也被减到3个营，每个营有4个连，实力相当于4个营（每营5个连，估计是每个连的人数增加）。
On the Move Again
1 June - 24 July 1944
The GD Division once again participated in counter attack operations, at Podul in early June 1944, being pulled out of the line on 8 June. The 1st Battalion of the Panzer Regiment, refitting in France, was thrown into the fighting around the Normandy beachhead. The GD Division transferred to a rest area 100 kilometres south of Jassy on 15 June, and reorganized there until 24 July. On the 25th, the Division was transferred to East Prussia, near Gumbinnen.
再次出征
1944年6月1日—7月24日
GD师再次参与进攻，在1944年6月的早些时候，一直到6月8日撤离前线。正在法国整编的装甲团的1营投入到了诺曼底海滩的作战。GD师在6月15日转移了100km到达了Jassy南部，在那里一直整编到7月24日。在25日，该师又被转移到了靠近Gumbinnen的东普鲁士。
The Baltic States
25 July - 26 August 1944
GD was quickly assigned to an offensive role in its new location, and beginning on 5 August, started advancing into Lithuania and Latvia, spending the month of August alternately advancing and fighting defensive battles, hoping to prevent a Soviet breakthrough to the Baltic coast.
波罗地海
1944年7月25日—8月26日
很快，GD又被指派到新的地方进行防御，在8月5日开始推进到立陶宛和拉托维亚，花费了整个8月进行了突进与防御作战，希望在那里可以阻止苏联对波罗地海国家的进攻。
Defensive Fighting and Reprieve
27 August - 31 December 1944
GD remained in positions gained by an attack towards Tukum throughout September, and on 3 October began to withdraw west of Stauliai. Heavy defensive fighting erupted between Stauliai and Memel between 6 and 9 October. The 1st Battalion of the Panzer Regiment, previously fighting in France, now fought in some of the first battles on East Prussian soil in the second week of October. The GD Division proper continued desperate defensive battles for the remainder of October in the Memel bridgehead, fighting throughout the month of November. Also during November, the 1st Battalion of the Panzer Regiment rejoined the Division, replacing the 1st Battalion of Panzer Regiment 26 who transferred to Hungary. As GD is expanded to a Panzer Korps and other units are added to corps command, GD units begin providing replacements for other formations.Beginning on 26 November, the GD Division tranferred by boat to K鰊igsberg, and was able to rest and refit near Rastenburg.
防御作战与最后
1944年8月27日—12月31日
在9月份GD的形式由于对Tukum的进攻而有些好转，在10月3日开始撤回到了Staulia西部。10月6日到9日重点防御在Staulia和Memel之间展开了。装甲团的第1营（早先在法国战斗）于10月的第2个星期在东普鲁士境内开始了第一场战斗。整个10月的剩余时间GD师都在Memel桥头堡进行殊死的防御战斗，战斗持续到了整个11月。同时，在11月期间，装甲团的第一营回到了该师，接防了原26装甲团1营，该营被调往匈牙利。当GD被扩编到一个装甲集团军（不知该处意思是否准确，应该指比师还大的集成兵团），很多其他部队加入了该集团，GD开始为其他形式补充兵员。在11月26日，GD师被船运到了柯尼斯堡，在拉斯腾堡附近开始休息并整编。
[ 此贴被拿破仑皇帝在2008-02-18 12:19重新编辑 ]
